Bongaigaon ( (listen)) is a major city in the Indian state of Assam. Its urban area spans across Bongaigaon and Chirang district. Bongaigaon City also acts as the gateway of North-East Frontier Railway Zone with its New Bongaigaon Junction railway station, second biggest railway station in North-East India. The city acts as the district headquarters of Bongaigaon district cum commercial and industrial hub of West Part of the state of Assam. Bongaigaon is one of the most populated urban agglomerations in Assam with line of Guwahati, Jorhat, Dibrugarh and Silchar.
It was the last capital of the Kamatapur Kingdom and home to many historical monuments of Assamese culture. The city, divided into two parts – Old Bongaigaon and New Bongaigaon - is situated 180 kilometres (112 mi) north west of Guwahati, largest city of Assam. To meet the demands of Bodos of Assam, Bongaigaon was divided up to give way for Chirang district. Bongaigaon has a major petrochemical industry, the Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL BGR). The town occupied a place in the map of Indian Railways with the establishment of the railway station in the year 1908. Most of the institutions like ITI, Bongaigaon College, Office of the Assam State Electricity Board in the early 1960s and in fact the very base of the development of the town was laid in this decade only. The development further gained momentum with the establishment of the Bongaigaon Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (BRPL) Complex in the year 1972 at Dhaligaon and also Thermal Power Plant at Salakati. Though these areas are not within the limit of Bongaigaon Municipality the town also caters to the demand of this population.
The Bongaigaon Town Committee was first constituted in the year 1961 and was upgraded to a Municipal Board in the year 1977. Presently the Municipal Area consists of 25 nos. of wards covering an area of 14.31 sq m.
The city today has evolved to be one of the major commercial and business hubs of the state with growing numbers of shopping malls, restaurants, hotels, residential apartments and educational institutions. The city also serves as the base for tourism to places such as the Manas National Park. Centrally located within the state, the city depicts a vibrant Assamese township and culture, making it one of the most preferred places for local people to congregate.


Bongaigaon is located at . It has an average elevation of 56 metres (183 feet).
 India census, Bongaigaon city had a population of 1,095,854. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Bongaigaon has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 81%. In Bongaigoan, 10% are under 6 years old. The sex ratio in this district was 958 per 1000 males compared to Assam's 958 per 1000 males as recorded in 2001 census data.

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